GENERAL GUIDELINE

TGI Books publishes scientific and scholarly books along with policy documents and practical manuals. We do not publish fiction, general interest or prolific books. Please see titles of published or forthcoming books before deciding to submit your manuscript. We classify our publishing in 3 principal domains:

1. Science
2. Law
3. Social Science

EDITED BOOKS ON SCIENCE TOPICS: AUTHOR GUIDELINES

All the authors are requested to read thoroughly these Author Guidelines before and during writing/composing their papers for the edited book.

How to prepare manuscript for chapter?

Article type: One Column

Manuscript organization:

1. All manuscripts are expected to be prepared as a single MS Word document with the complete text, references, tables and figures included. Any revised manuscripts prepared for publication should be sent as a single editable MS Word document.
2. Manuscripts should be written in English with 12 pt Times New Roman font (heading in 14 pt and subheadings in 12 pt) in single line space. Title, author(s), and affiliations should all be included on a title page as the first page of the manuscript file, followed by a 100-300 word abstract and 3-5 keywords. The order to be followed is: Title, Authors’ name, Position 7 Affiliations, Email (every author’s), ORCID (every author’s), Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, (Review of Literature, if required), Methodology, Results or Result and Discussion (in Review Articles, this section may be phrased in the form of topical headings; or, under Results or Results and Discussion, there may be topical headings.), (Discussion), Conclusion (and Recommendations), References, Annexes.
3. Research/Review articles may be between 3000 and 6000 words. The length of chapter/paper may exceed 6000 words, but the excess words will have implication of the increase of APC charges. Please check the APC chart.
4. Brief Bio and Photograph of every author will also be included in the paper/chapter in the end. Brief Bio should not be more than 300 words.

Paper Title

First Author’s Full Name (no abbreviation)^*1, Second Author’s Name (no abbreviation)²

¹(Position & Affiliation): Department Name of Organization, Address, City, Country. Email (without hyperlink) | ORCID

²(Position & Affiliation): Department Name of Organization, Address, City, Country. Email (without hyperlink) | ORCID

*Corresponding author

Abstract

This electronic document is a “live” template. The various components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] are already defined on the style sheet, as illustrated by the portions given in this document. (Abstract). Maximum 300 words.

Keywords

Write 3-5 keywords. Separate each keyword by using semicolon.

Introduction (Heading 1)

From our side, there is no specific instruction for writing the Introduction part. If needed, authors can learn writing skills from various internet resources. Here the formatting instructions are given. Margins, column widths, line spacing, and type styles are suggested.

Formatting Specifications

Keep your text and graphic files separate until after the text has been formatted and styled. Do not use hard tabs, and limit use of hard returns to only one return at the end of a paragraph. Use pagination in the paper. Do not number text headings and the sub-headings.

Abbreviations and Acronyms

Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are used in the text, even after they have been defined in the abstract. Do not use abbreviations in the title or heads unless they are unavoidable.

Equations

The equations are an exception to the prescribed specifications of this guideline. You will need to determine whether or not your equation should be typed using either the Times New Roman font (please no other font). Equations should be edited by Mathtype, not in text or graphic versions. You are suggested to use Mathtype 6.0 (or above version).

Number equations consecutively. Equation numbers, within parentheses, are to position flush right, as in (1), using a right tab stop. To make your equations more compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the exp function, or appropriate exponents. Italicize Roman symbols for quantities and variables, and Greek symbols. Do not italicize constants as π, etc. Use a long dash rather than a hyphen for a minus sign. Punctuate equations with commas or periods when they are part of a sentence, as in

α + β = x.              (1)

Note that the equation is centered. Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been defined before or immediately following the equation. Use “Equation (1)”, not “Eq. (1)”or “(1)”, and at the beginning of a sentence: “Equation (1) is ...”

Figures and Tables

Place figures and tables at the top or bottom of paragraph. Figure captions should be below the figures; table heads should appear above the tables. Insert figures and tables after they are cited in the text. Use “Figure 1”and “Table 1” in normal fonts, even at the beginning of a sentence.

Table 1: Table type styles (Table caption is indispensable).

The figures and graphics should be created in MS Word document or should be copy-pasted in Word in a format that it can be edited. Static pictures of the figures that cannot be edited in Word will not be acceptable.

Some Common Mistakes

• The word “data” is plural, not singular.
• The subscript for the permeability of vacuum 0, and other common scientific constants, is zero with subscript formatting, not a lowercase letter “o”.
• In English, commas, semi-colons, periods, question and exclamation marks are located within quotation marks only when a complete thought or name is cited, such as a title or full quotation. When quotation marks are used, instead of a bold or italic typeface, to highlight a word or phrase, punctuation should appear outside of the quotation marks. A parenthetical phrase or statement at the end of a sentence is punctuated outside of the closing parenthesis (like this). (A parenthetical sentence is punctuated within the parentheses.)
• A graph within a graph is an “inset”, not an “insert”. The word alternatively is preferred to the word “alternately” (unless you really mean something that alternates).
• Do not use the word “essentially” to mean “approximately” or “effectively”.
• In your paper title, if the words “that uses” can accurately replace the word “using”, capitalize the “u”; if not, keep using lower-cased.
• Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones “affect” and “effect”, “complement” and “compliment”, “discreet” and “discrete”, “principal” and “principle”.
• Do not confuse “imply” and “infer”.
• The prefix “non” is not a word; it should be joined to the word it modifies, usually without a hyphen.
• There is no period after the “et” but a period after the “al” in the Latin abbreviation “et al.”.
• The abbreviation “et al.” means “that is”, and the abbreviation “e.g.” means “for example”.

Acknowledgements

Avoid the stilted expression, “One of us (R. B. G.) thanks...” Instead, try “R. B. G. thanks”. Do NOT put sponsor acknowledgements in the footnote on the first page, but at here.

References

References format should be "Harvard Referencing" system. Authors are requested to browse the "Harvard Referencing" and follow the same while preparing their manuscripts. Also please refer the following documents:

http://www.citethisforme.com/harvard-referencing
Harvard Referencing (PPT)

Within the text of the article, please give citations in brackets. Better if the particular page is also mentioned.

Number footnotes separately in superscripts. Place the actual footnote at the bottom of the column in which it was cited. Do not put footnotes in the reference list. Use letters for table footnotes.

Unless there are 4 authors or more give all authors’ names; do not use “et al.” in citations. Papers that have not been published, even if they have been submitted for publication, should be cited as “unpublished”. Papers that have been accepted for publication should be cited as “in press”. Capitalize each word in a paper title, except for function words and element symbols.

For papers published in translation journals, please give the English citation first, followed by the original foreign-language citation.

Please completely normalize your references as the following format:

Journal Articles:

E-Journal Articles:

Book:

Verdu, S. (1998). Multi-User Detection. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Edited Book:

Conference Proceedings:

Report:

Thesis:

Internet:

Detailed referencing guideline should be consulted at the link "Harvard Referencing".

SOLE AUTHOR BOOKS ON SCIENCE TOPICS: AUTHOR GUIDELINES

The manuscript format guidelines given in preceding section will apply on sole author books too, except the length of the paper/chapter. Overall length of the book by sole authors should be discussed with management of TGI Books and the APC issues need to be settled with the Managing Editor.

EDITED BOOKS ON LAW TOPICS: AUTHOR GUIDELINES

All the authors are requested to read thoroughly these Author Guidelines before and during writing/composing their papers for the above titled edited book.

How to prepare manuscript?

How to prepare manuscript for chapter?

Article type: One Column

Manuscript organization:

• All manuscripts are expected to be prepared as a single MS Word document with the complete text, references, tables and figures included. Any revised manuscripts prepared for publication should be sent as a single editable MS Word document.
• Manuscripts should be written in English with 12 pt Times New Roman font (heading in 14 pt and subheadings in 12 pt) in single line space. Title, author(s), and affiliations should all be included on a title page as the first page of the manuscript file, followed by a 100-300 word abstract and 3-5 keywords. The order to be followed is: Title, Authors’ name, Position 7 Affiliations, Email (every author’s), ORCID (every author’s), Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, (Review of Literature, if required), Methodology, Results or Result and Discussion (in Review Articles, this section may be phrased in the form of topical headings; or, under Results or Results and Discussion, there may be topical headings.), (Discussion), Conclusion (and Recommendations), References, Annexes.
• Research/Review articles may be between 3000 and 6000 words. The length of chapter/paper may exceed 6000 words, but the excess words will have implication of the increase of APC charges. Please check the APC chart.
• Brief Bio and Photograph of every author will also be included in the paper/chapter in the end. Brief Bio should not be more than 300 words.

Paper Title

First Author’s Full Name (no abbreviation)^*1, Second Author’s Name (no abbreviation)²

¹(Position & Affiliation): Department Name of Organization, Address, City, Country. Email (without hyperlink) | ORCID

²(Position & Affiliation): Department Name of Organization, Address, City, Country. Email (without hyperlink) | ORCID

*Corresponding author

Abstract

This electronic document is a “live” template. The various components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] are already defined on the style sheet, as illustrated by the portions given in this document. (Abstract). Maximum 300 words.

Keywords

Write 3-5 keywords. Separate each keyword by using semicolon.

Introduction (Heading 1)

From our side, there is no specific instruction for writing the Introduction part. If needed, authors can learn writing skills from various internet resources. Here the formatting instructions are given. Margins, column widths, line spacing, and type styles are suggested.

Formatting Specifications

Keep your text and graphic files separate until after the text has been formatted and styled. Do not use hard tabs, and limit use of hard returns to only one return at the end of a paragraph. Use pagination in the paper. Do not number text headings and the sub-headings.

Abbreviations and Acronyms

Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are used in the text, even after they have been defined in the abstract. Do not use abbreviations in the title or heads unless they are unavoidable.

House Style - OSCOLA

Layout

Articles, analysis pieces and review articles should be in English, double spaced (including footnotes) and should include page numbers. Authors please comply with the following.

• An abstract of the paper, of around 150-300 words, should be included at the start of the article, followed by up to 7 keywords.
• Article titles should be UPPER CASE AND CENTRED
• Author names should be Title Case and Centred, along with affiliation and email
• Corresponding author name should be asterisk/marked. ORCID should be mentioned of the Corresponding author.
• Article headings:
  H1> 1. Numbered, Title Case and Ranged Left
  H2> 1.1 Numbered, Title Case and Ranged Left
  H3> 1.1.1 Numbered, sentence case and ranged left
• Please DO NOT use the tab key when indenting for a paragraph.

Referencing

Footnotes and references should be numbered consecutively and should use OSCOLA citation style. Authors are responsible for checking the accuracy of all references. All references cited shall be requiring DOI or online source. On publication, all footnotes appear at the bottom of each page. Authors are encouraged to use footnotes for the elaboration of text as appropriate, and in particular to explain the context of national laws and policies, bearing in mind the international readership.

Besides the information on the OSCOLA website the following may be useful to know. For material from jurisdictions not covered by OSCOLA authors should use the approved form that is standard in the jurisdiction in question; above all, consistency within the article is paramount.

Please note that the 4th edition of OSCOLA does not give guidance on international materials. In relation to international treaties, cite the treaty series in the following order of preference:

• Primary international treaty series, eg UNTS (United Nations Treaty Series), CTS (Consolidated Treaty Series) or LNTS (League of Nations Treaty Series);
• Official treaty series of one of the States parties, e.g., UKTS (UK Treaty Series), (ATS) (Australian Treaty Series); and
• Other international treaty series (e.g., British and Foreign State Papers).
• For post-1960 treaties not yet published in an official series, the usual source is International Legal Materials (ILM). Prior to January 2000, the ILM volumes were given in roman numerals. However, the ILM itself uses Arabic numerals in its own citations of ILM volumes; therefore, always cite in Arabic numerals.
• When citing documents from the major bodies of the United Nations, include the unique document reference numbers that identify both the body from which the document issues and the nature of the document. Cite UN documents in the following order: author, ‘title’ date document number. Italicize the title of a UN document only if it has been published as a book (i.e., it has an ISBN), in which case the UN Doc number is not necessary.

While websites can be an important source of information, please cite them with care. The general principle is only including cites to webpages when the information can only be found there and is more authoritative than more traditional sources. Websites can often disappear overnight, and it is thus vital to include the ‘last accessed’ date as this can provide a tool to finding the information on that site. Do not cite webpages for PDF documents but rather cite the webpage on which the PDF document can be downloaded. With policy documents, please provide as much information as you can besides the webpage address.

SOLE AUTHOR BOOKS ON LAW TOPICS: AUTHOR GUIDELINES

The manuscript format guidelines given in preceding section will apply on sole author books too, except the length of the paper/chapter. Overall length of the book by sole authors should be discussed with management of TGI Books and the APC issues need to be settled with the Managing Editor.

EDITED BOOKS ON SOCIAL SCIENCE TOPICS: AUTHOR GUIDELINES

Guidelines for Authors (How to Prepare Manuscript)

General Information

Please note that because of the distinct nature of articles, analysis pieces and review articles they all have a same submission, reviewing and preparation process. Note that all submissions share the same policies in relation to formatting (style), production, licence to publish, open access, self-archiving, and conflict of interest. Work submitted for publication must be previously unpublished and not under consideration for publication elsewhere and, if accepted, it should not then be published elsewhere in the same form or language.

Articles

The key criterion for acceptance is scholarly rigour and quality. Of those articles that are ultimately accepted for publication, most are accepted with the need for some revision. The length of time between submission, final acceptance and publication can thus vary significantly.

Manuscript organization:

• All manuscripts are expected to be prepared as a single MS Word document with the complete text, references, tables and figures included. Any revised manuscripts prepared for publication should be sent as a single editable MS Word document.
• Manuscripts should be written in English with 12 pt Times New Roman font (heading in 14 pt and subheadings in 12 pt) in single line space. Title, author(s), and affiliations should all be included on a title page as the first page of the manuscript file, followed by a 100-300 word abstract and 3-5 keywords. The order to be followed is: Title, Authors’ name, Position 7 Affiliations, Email (every author’s), ORCID (every author’s), Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, (Review of Literature, if required), Methodology, Results or Result and Discussion (in Review Articles, this section may be phrased in the form of topical headings; or, under Results or Results and Discussion, there may be topical headings.), (Discussion), Conclusion (and Recommendations), References, Annexes.
• Research/Review articles may be between 3000 and 6000 words. The length of chapter/paper may exceed 6000 words, but the excess words will have implication of the increase of APC charges. Please check the APC chart.
• Brief Bio and Photograph of every author will also be included in the paper/chapter in the end. Brief Bio should not be more than 300 words.

Paper Title

First Author’s Full Name (no abbreviation)^*1, Second Author’s Name (no abbreviation)²

¹(Position & Affiliation): Department Name of Organization, Address, City, Country. Email (without hyperlink) | ORCID

²(Position & Affiliation): Department Name of Organization, Address, City, Country. Email (without hyperlink) | ORCID

*Corresponding author

Abstract

This electronic document is a “live” template. The various components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] are already defined on the style sheet, as illustrated by the portions given in this document. (Abstract). Maximum 300 words.

Keywords

Write 3-5 keywords. Separate each keyword by using semicolon.

Introduction (Heading 1)

From our side, there is no specific instruction for writing the Introduction part. If needed, authors can learn writing skills from various internet resources. Here the formatting instructions are given. Margins, column widths, line spacing, and type styles are suggested.

Formatting Specifications

Keep your text and graphic files separate until after the text has been formatted and styled. Do not use hard tabs, and limit use of hard returns to only one return at the end of a paragraph. Use pagination in the paper. Do not number text headings and the sub-headings.

Abbreviations and Acronyms

Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are used in the text, even after they have been defined in the abstract. Do not use abbreviations in the title or heads unless they are unavoidable.

Analysis

A particular point to keep in mind is that analyses can act as succinct but valuable pieces of scholarship, and ambitious efforts to analyse recent developments within a broader frame of scholarly reference – comparative, doctrinal, socio-legal – are encouraged. In that spirit, we welcome analysis of significant policy, legal and governance issues from any jurisdiction. We also welcome analysis of cases which that are under appeal, particularly where it is possible to publish the analysis online, ahead of the printed issue. A single analysis may cover a number of related cases or policy papers.

We encourage contributions from senior and junior academics alike. In particular, we are open to analysis writing from doctoral students, who are focusing their work in a particular area of research. Note that the full text of a legislation or policy document is not likely to be included. This allows the analysis to concentrate on the implications and wider context of the item under discussion. Where the relevant judgment of a case is not reproduced, authors should give a brief summary of the facts of the case and the holding.

Review/Research Articles

The Journal’s Review/Research Articles section carries reviews of original works. Review/Research Articles should be in the region of 3,000 to 9,000 words, excluding references. This allows author’s space to say something substantive about the work(s) under review.

House Style - APA

Articles should be consistent with our House Style. Particularly if English is not your first language, before submitting your manuscript you may wish to have it edited for language. This is not a mandatory step but may help to ensure that the academic content of your paper is fully understood by journal editors and reviewers. Language editing does not guarantee that your manuscript will be accepted for publication. Authors are liable for all costs associated with such services. To access our English Language Service, you may click the link on the website.

PAGE LAYOUT

Articles, analysis pieces and review articles should be in English, double spaced (including footnotes) and should include page numbers. Authors, please comply with the following.

• An abstract of the paper, of around 150-300 words, should be included at the start of the article, followed by up to 3-5 keywords.
• Article titles should be in bold.
• Author names should be Title Case and Centred, along with affiliation and email
• Corresponding author name should be asterisk/marked. ORCID should be mentioned of the Corresponding author.
• Article headings:
  H1> 1. Numbered, Title Case and Ranged Left
  H2> 1.1 Numbered, Title Case and Ranged Left
  H3> 1.1.1 Numbered, sentence case and ranged left
• Please DO NOT use the tab key when indenting for a paragraph. This Journals of The Grassroots Institute use one line space between two paragraphs and do not use tab key to begin a new paragraph.

REFERENCING STYLE

This journal adopts APA style of citation and referencing. To read and understand more, please download the following files:

• APA Guideline (PDF)
• APA Presentation (PowerPoint)

APA Format Citation Guide

Below is a complete guide to APA (American Psychological Association) in-text and reference list citations. This easy-to-use, comprehensive guide makes citing any source easy. Core Components of an APA Reference:

1. APA Referencing Basics: Reference List

A reference list is a complete list of references used in a piece of writing including the author name, date of publication, title and more. An APA reference list must:

• Be on a new page at the end of the document
• Be centred
• Be alphabetically by name of first author (or title if the author isn’t known, in this case a, an and the should be ignored)
• If there are multiple works by the same author these are ordered by date, if the works are in the same year they are ordered alphabetically by the title and are allocated a letter (a,b,c etc.) after the date
• Contain full references for all in-text references used.

2. APA Referencing Basics: In-Text Citation

In-text references must be included following the use of a quote or paraphrase taken from another piece of work.

In-text citations are citations within the main body of the text and refer to a direct quote or paraphrase. They correspond to a reference in the main reference list. These citations include the surname of the author and date of publication only. Using an example author James Mitchell, this takes the form:
Mitchell (2017) states… Or …(Mitchell, 2017).

The structure of this changes depending on whether a direct quote or parenthetical used:

• Direct Quote: The citation must follow the quote directly and contain a page number after the date, for example (Mitchell, 2017, p.104). This rule holds for all of the variations listed.
• Parenthetical: The page number is not needed.

Two Authors:
The surname of both authors is stated with either ‘and’ or an ampersand between. For
example
Mitchell and Smith (2017) state… Or …(Mitchell & Smith, 2017).

Three, Four or Five Authors:
For the first cite, all names should be listed:
Mitchell, Smith, and Thomson (2017) state… Or …(Mitchell, Smith, & Thomson, 2017).
Further cites can be shorted to the first author’s name followed by et al:
Mitchell et al (2017) state… Or …(Mitchell et al., 2017).

Six or More Authors:
Only the first author’s surname should be stated followed by et al, see the above example.

No Authors:
If the author is unknown, the first few words of the reference should be used. This is usually the title of the source.
If this is the title of a book, periodical, brochure or report, is should be italicised. For example:
(A guide to citation, 2017).
If this is the title of an article, chapter or web page, it should be in quotation marks. For example:
(“APA Citation”, 2017).

Citing Authors with Multiple Works from One Year:
Works should be cited with a, b, c etc. following the date. These letters are assigned within the reference list, which is sorted alphabetically by the surname of the first author. For example:
(Mitchell, 2017a) Or (Mitchell, 2017b).
Citing Multiple Works in One Parentheses:
If these works are by the same author, the surname is stated once followed by the dates in order chronologically. For instance:
Mitchell (2007, 2013, 2017) Or (Mitchell, 2007, 2013, 2017)
If these works are by multiple authors then the references are ordered alphabetically by the first author separated by a semicolon as follows:
(Mitchell & Smith 2017; Thomson, Coyne, & Davis, 2015).

Citing a Group or Organisation:
For the first cite, the full name of the group must be used. Subsequently this can be shortened. For example:
First cite: (International Citation Association, 2015)
Further Cites: (Citation Association, 2015)
Citing a Secondary Source:
In this situation the original author and date should be stated first followed by ‘as cited in’ followed by the author and date of the secondary source. For example:
Lorde (1980) as cited in Mitchell (2017) Or (Lorde, 1980, as cited in Mitchell, 2017)

3. How to Cite Different Source Types

• In-text citation doesn’t vary depending on source type, unless the author is unknown.
• Reference list citations are highly variable depending on the source.

How to Cite a Book (Title, not chapter) in APA Format
Book referencing is the most basic style; it matches the template above, minus the URL section. So the basic format of a book reference is as follows:
Book referencing examples:
Mitchell, J.A., Thomson, M., & Coyne, R.P. (2017). A guide to citation. London, England:
My Publisher
Jones, A.F & Wang, L. (2011). Spectacular creatures: The Amazon rainforest (2nd ed.). San Jose, Costa Rica: My Publisher

How to Cite an Edited Book in APA Format
This reference format is very similar to the book format apart from one extra inclusion:
(Ed(s)). The basic format is as follows:
Edited book example:
Williams, S.T. (Ed.). (2015). Referencing: A guide to citation rules (3rd ed.). New York, NY:
My Publisher

How to Cite a Chapter in an Edited Book in APA Format
Edited books are collations of chapters written by different authors. To reference a single chapter, a different format is needed. The basic structure is as follows:
Edited book chapter example:
In the following example, B.N. Troy is the author of the chapter and S.T. Williams is the editor.
Troy, B.N. (2015). APA citation rules. In S.T, Williams (Ed.). A guide to citation rules (2nd ed., pp. 50-95). New York, NY: Publishers.

How to Cite an E-Book in APA Format
An E-Book reference is the same as a book reference expect the publisher is swapped for a URL. The basic structure is as follows:
Author surname, initial(s) (Ed(s).*). (Year). Title (ed.*). Retrieved from URL
*optional.
E-Book example:
Mitchell, J.A., Thomson, M., & Coyne, R.P. (2017). A guide to citation. Retrieved from https://www.mendeley.com/reference-management/reference-manager

How to Cite an E-Book Chapter in APA Format
This follows the same structure as an edited book chapter reference except the publisher is exchanged for a URL. The structure is as follows:
Last name of the chapter author, initial(s). (Year). Chapter title. In editor initial(s), surname (Ed.). Title (ed., pp.chapter page range). Retrieved from URL
E-Book chapter example:
Troy, B.N. (2015). APA citation rules. In S.T, Williams (Ed.). A guide to citation rules (2nd ed., pp. 50-95). Retrieved from https://www.mendeley.com/reference-management/reference-manager

How to Cite a Journal Article in Print or Online in APA Format
Articles differ from book citations in that the publisher and publisher location are not included. For journal articles, these are replaced with the journal title, volume number, issue number and page number. The basic structure is:
Journal Article Examples:
Mitchell, J.A. (2017). Citation: Why is it so important. Mendeley Journal, 67(2), 81-95.
Retrieved from https://www.mendeley.com/reference-management/reference-manager

SOLE AUTHOR BOOKS ON SOCIAL SCIENCE TOPICS: AUTHOR GUIDELINES

The manuscript format guidelines given in preceding section will apply on sole author books too, except the length of the paper/chapter. Overall length of the book by sole authors should be discussed with management of TGI Books and the APC issues need to be settled with the Managing Editor.